Who was the first man to reach North Pole?
The answer is Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary
How it happened:
To prepare for his goal, between 1886 and 1897, Robert E. Peary led five expeditions to Greenland and Arctic Canada. After departing from New York City on July 16, 1905, aboard the Roosevelt, Peary sledged to within 175 miles of the Pole in 1906. Melted ice blocking the sea path thwarted the mission’s completion. (Peary's 1905-1906 expedition had been backed by President Theodore Roosevelt, and his team was subsequently armed with the Roosevelt, which was considered a state-of-the-art vessel at the time and had the ability to cut through ice.)
On a new
expedition in 1909, once again via the Roosevelt, but this time
employing 24 men, 19 sledges and 133 dogs, Peary finally succeeded in reaching
it—or at least he claimed to have. Leading a party that consisted of himself,
his African-American assistant Matthew Henson, and the Inuits Ootah, Egingwah,
Seegloo and Ooqueah, Peary had to fight against moving ice floes that may have
caused him to miscalculate his position.
When
Peary returned to the United States, he discovered that a one-time expedition
mate of his—Frederick A. Cook—claimed to have discovered the Pole a year
earlier. Cook's claims were discredited, but Peary did not have any verifiable
proof that he had reached the North Pole either, and, subsequently, both men's
reputations suffered.
Though
Peary was a rear admiral and had received 22 honorary medals from various
countries, as well as three honorary doctorates, he had to testify before
Congress about his claim that he had reached the North Pole. While Peary
traveled the world during his last years to great acclaim, the truth about his
accomplishments remains clouded to this day.
Peary has
also received criticism over the years for his treatment of the Inuit people.
After bringing six live Inuits back from an expedition in 1897, Peary gave them
to his chief sponsor, the American Museum of Natural History in New York, for
display, and all but one of the Inuits died.
It later
became known that, during their Arctic tours in the 1890s, Peary and Henson had
fathered children by Eskimo women.
Robert E.
Peary died on February 20, 1920, in Washington, D.C.
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